Formation of protein molecules according to the sequence of corresponding mRNA molecules.

Proteins are composed of twenty different building blocks (amino acids), mRNA molecules consist of four different nucleotides. Three subsequent nucleotides are specifying one amino acid of the protein. This connection of nucleotide triplets and individual amino acids is due to tRNA molecules, carrying both the nucleotide triplet and the respective amino acid. At the ribosomes, the tRNA molecule fitting to the respective mRNA-sequence is bound and the amino acid is transferred to the growing protein chain.